This paper introduces methods for increasing the efficiency of retail store liquidation, which we define as the time-constrained divestment of retail outlets through an in-store sale of inventory. The retail industry depends extensively on liquidation, not only as a means for investors to recover capital from failed ventures, but also to allow managers of going concerns to divest stores in efforts to enhance performance and to change strategy. The operations literature has examined product liquidation, but retail store liquidation differs significantly. This paper augments the literature by introducing techniques for improving operating decisions during retail store liquidations and by demonstrating the performance of these methods in the field. To set inventory service levels, suppliers must understand how changes in inventory service level affect demand. We build on prior research, which uses analytical models and laboratory experiments to study the impact of a supplier’s service level on demand from retailers, by testing this relationship in the field.

Newindu Supply Chain Management (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Trade Assurance. This supplier has been verified onsite by world-leading inspection company.

We analyze a field experiment at the supplier Hugo Boss to determine how the supplier’s inventory service level affects demand from its retailer customers. We find increases in historical fill rate to be associated with statistically significant and managerially substantial increases in current retailer orders (i.e., demand, not just sales). Specifically, a one percentage point increase in fill rate, measured over the prior year, is associated with a statistically significant 11% increase in current retailer demand, controlling for other factors that might affect retailer demand. We explore the drivers of this demand increase, including changes in retailer assortment and order frequency. We discuss features of a retail buyer’s decision context identified through our field work that may explain the magnitude of the relationship we observe.

Case Analysis, 2005 Supply Chain Management at World Co., Ltd. Japanese consumers have a reputation of being highly brand name conscious. Although this trend still remains for some categories of people, especially young women who are sensitive to latest fashion trends, nowadays Japanese consumer are also starting to choose apparel that matches their tastes and life styles.

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Japanese apparel manufacturers design and develop their own products, oversee a number of production subcontractors, and manufacture and market products under their own brands. Nearly all of these apparel manufacturers also function as wholesalers, selling products directly to retailers.

Larger manufacturers even have their own boutiques within department stores, and some also operate outlet stores. Japan has a mature apparel market, and simply offering low prices does not guarantee success. Manufacturers have to establish a brand identity.

Products that offer what Japanese consumers are looking for in material, technical skill and styling will be accepted and will fare well in competition with others. The three factors that distinguish Japan from other countries are: Delivery Schedules: Special attention should go to seasonal goods and fashion merchandise, especially when produced in lands without four distinctive seasons. It takes time to assemble raw materials, acquire accessory items and ship the finished merchandise. Sometimes the merchandise ends up getting delivered after the sales season is already over. Production Lots: Because apparel production in other countries has historically been for export to Europe and the United States, production lots have always been large. This practice does not match up well.

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